ubuntu文件系统制作(从无到有)

目录

1,下载ubuntu-base

2,解压文件

3,安装 qemu

4,设置源

5,挂载文件系统

6,设置账户名和密码

7,添加主机入口到/etc/hosts

8,添加nameserver

9,安装桌面

10,取消挂载

11,制作IMG镜像

1,下载ubuntu-base

 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-cdimage/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ 

2,解压文件

mkdir ubuntu2004-rootfs
sudo tar -xpvf ubuntu-base-20.04.5-base-arm64.tar.gz -C ubuntu2004-rootfs

3,安装 qemu

sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ubuntu2004-rootfs/usr/bin/

4,设置源

#将主机DNS拷贝至虚拟机，为了方便虚拟机能上网
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf ./etc/resolv.conf

清华源

安装apt-transport-https工具

apt update
apt install apt-transport-https

遇到问题

问题：Ceritificate verification failed:

Err:5 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports focal Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown.  Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 101.6.15.130 443]

解决办法

touch apt/apt.conf.d/99verify-peer.conf \
&& echo >>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99verify-peer.conf "Acquire { https::Verify-Peer false }"

问题2

apt install --reinstall ca-certificates

5,挂载文件系统

挂载脚本（ch-mount.sh）

#!/bin/bash
#


function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}proc
    sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}sys
    sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}dev/pts
    sudo chroot ${2}
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount ${2}proc
    sudo umount ${2}sys
    sudo umount ${2}dev/pts
    sudo umount ${2}dev

}


if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : ${1}
    echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi

chmod a+x ch-mount.sh
./ch-mount.sh -m ubuntu-rootfs/

6,设置账户名和密码

7,设置主机名useradd -s '/bin/bash' -m -G adm,sudo joyu
passwd joyu
passwd root

echo 'ubuntu.joyu' > /etc/hostname

7,添加主机入口到/etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost 
127.0.0.1 ubuntu.joyu
127.0.1.1 joyu 

8,添加nameserver

vim /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head
#添加nameserver
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8

9,安装桌面

安装桌面软件，包括系统面板、窗口管理器、文件浏览器、终端等各类桌面应用程序。

apt install gnome-panel gnome-settings-daemon metacity nautilus gnome-terminal ubuntu-desktop

10,取消挂载

exit
./ch-mount.sh -u ubuntu-rootfs/

11,制作IMG镜像

dd if=/dev/zero of=ubuntu2004-rootfs.img bs=1M count=4000 
mkfs.ext4 ubuntu2004-rootfs.img
sudo mount ubuntu2004-rootfs.img rootfs/
sudo cp -rfp ubuntu-rootfs/*  rootfs/
sudo umount rootfs/
e2fsck -p -f ubuntu2004-rootfs.img
resize2fs  -M ubuntu2004-rootfs.img